This article needs additional citations for. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2010) () Virtual Hard Disk.vhd Developed by / Type of format VHD ( Virtual Hard Disk) is a which represents a virtual (HDD). It may contain what is found on a physical HDD, such as and a, which in turn can contain and. It is typically used as the hard disk of a. The format was created by for their Virtual PC product, known as since acquired Connectix in 2003.

Since June 2005, Microsoft has made the VHD Image Format Specification available to third parties under the. Contents • • • • • • • • • • • Features [ ] A Virtual Hard Disk allows multiple operating systems to reside on a single.

This method enables developers to test software on different operating systems without the cost or hassle of installing a second hard disk or a single hard disk into multiple volumes. The ability to directly modify a 's hard disk from a host server supports many applications, including: • Moving files between a VHD and the host file system • Backup and recovery • Antivirus and security • Image management and patching • Disk conversion (physical to virtual, and vice versa) • Life-cycle management and provisioning (re) was added in Hyper-V in Windows Server 2012 to add larger storage capacity, data corruption protection, and optimizations to prevent performance degradation on large/./-sector physical disks.

Supported formats [ ] VHDs are implemented as files that reside on the native host file system. The following types of VHD formats are supported by Microsoft Virtual PC and: • Fixed hard disk image: a file that is allocated to the size of the virtual disk.

VHD (Virtual Hard Disk. Software engineering organizations which need a specific set of tools for a particular project could simply. The Windows Disk Management. Problem signature: Problem Event Name: APPCRASH Application Name: vghd.exe. Application Version: 1.1.0.38. Application Timestamp: 50c1b538. Fault Module Name: StackHash_2264. Fault Module Version: 0.0.0.0. Fault Module Timestamp: 00000000. Exception Code: c0000005. Exception Offset:.

Fixed VHDs consist of a raw followed by a VHD footer (512 or formerly 511 bytes). • Dynamic hard disk image: a file that at any given time is as large as the actual data written to it, plus the size of the header and footer.

Dynamic and differencing VHDs begin with a copy of the VHD footer (padded to 512 bytes), and for dynamic or differencing VHDs created by Microsoft products this results in a VHD-cookie string conectix at the beginning of the VHD file. • Differencing hard disk image: a set of modified blocks (maintained in a separate file referred to as the 'child image') in comparison to a parent image. The Differencing hard disk image format allows the concept of Undo Changes: when enabled, all changes to a hard drive contained within a VHD (the parent image) are stored in a separate file (the child image). Options are available to undo the changes to the VHD, or to merge them permanently into the VHD. Different child images based on the same parent image also allow 'cloning' of VHDs; at least the (GUID) must be different. • Linked to a hard disk: a file which contains a link to a physical hard drive or partition of a physical hard drive.

[ ] Advantages [ ] Significant benefits result from the ability to boot a physical computer from a virtual hard drive: • Ease of deployment: IT organizations can deploy standardized, 'pre-built' configurations on a single VHD. As an example, software engineering organizations which need a specific set of tools for a particular project could simply 'pull' the appropriately-configured VHD from a network location. • Backup-and-Restore: Changes to the contents of a VHD (such as infection by a virus, or accidental deletion of critical files) are easily undone. • Multi-User Isolation: Many current operating systems support having multiple users, but offer varying degrees of protection between them (e.g., one user of the OS could become infected by a virus which infects other users, or make changes to the OS which affect other users). By giving each user their own version of the operating system—say, by creating for each of them a differencing VHD based on a base installation of the OS—changes to any particular child image would have no effect on any of the other child images. Native VHD Boot [ ] Native VHD Boot refers to the ability of a physical computer to and boot from an operating system contained within a VHD. Enterprise and Ultimate editions support this ability, both with and without a host operating system present.

Is also compatible with this feature. Further information: Limitations [ ] The VHD format has a built-in limitation of just under 2 (2040 ) for the size of any dynamic or differencing VHDs. This is due to a sector offset table that only allows for the maximum of a 32-bit quantity. It is calculated by multiplying 2 32 by 512 bytes for each sector. The C× H× S formula in the VHD specification allows a maximum of 65535×16×255 sectors. About 127 GiB is also the limit for VHDs in. For fewer than 65535×16×63 sectors (about 31 GiB) the CHS-value in the VHD footer uses a minimum of H = 4 and a maximum of H = 16 heads with S = 17, 31, or 63 sectors per track.

The CHS algorithm then determines C = ( T/ S)/ H. The specification does not discuss cases where the CHS value in the VHD footer does not match the (virtual) CHS geometry in the of the disk image in the VHD. (also Connectix derived) has this limitation using virtual IDE drivers but 2 TiB if virtual RAID or virtual SCSI drivers are used. Software support [ ] Virtual Hard Disk format was initially used only by (and ). Later however, Microsoft used the VHD format in, the -based virtualization technology of. Microsoft also used the format in, a included with and.

In addition, Windows 7 and include support for creating, mounting, and booting from VHD files. The Vista (or later) drive manager GUI supports a subset of the functions in the diskpart command line tool. VHDs known as vdisk in diskpart can be created, formatted, attached (mounted), detached (unmounted), merged (for differencing VHDs), and compacted (for VHDs on an NTFS host file system). Compacting is typically a two step procedure, first unused sectors in the VHD are filled with zeros, and then diskpart can use the feature of to eliminate runs of zeros in the VHD [ ].

The virtual machine additions in older versions and the virtual machine integration features in contain precompact images for the first step in supported guest systems. Third-party products also use VHD file format., part of line of supports VHD in versions 2 and later. The VHD file format is also adopted by for what is now the hypervisor. Offline modification [ ] It is sometimes useful to modify a VHD file without booting an operating system. Features offline VHD manipulation, providing administrators with the ability to securely access files within a VHD without having to instantiate a virtual machine. This provides administrators with granular access to VHDs and the ability to perform some management tasks offline. The Windows Disk Management MMC plugin can directly mount a VHD file as a drive letter in Windows 7/Server 2008 and newer.

For situations where mounting a VHD within the operating system is undesirable, several programs enable software developers to inspect and modify VHD files, including,, and R1soft Hyper-V VHD Explorer. Supports extraction and inspection of VHD files. Virtual Floppy Disk (VFD) [ ] Virtual Floppy Disk (VFD) is a related file format used by Microsoft Virtual PC, Microsoft Automated Deployment Services and Microsoft Virtual Server 2005. A VFD that contains an image of a 720 KB low-density, 1.44 MB high-density or 1.68 MB 3.5-inch can be mounted by Virtual PC. Other virtual machine software such as and can mount raw floppy images in the same way.

Windows Virtual PC for Windows 7 (version 6.1) does not offer a user interface for manipulating virtual floppy disks; however, it still supports physical and virtual floppy disks via. Virtual Hard Disk (VHDX) [ ] VHDX (Virtual Hard Disk v2) is the successor format to VHD. Where VHD has a capacity limit of 2048 GB, VHDX has a capacity limit of 64 TB. VHDX protects against power failures and is used.

VHDX can be mounted like VHD. See also [ ] • • • • References [ ]. Microsoft Corporation. 27 February 2009. Microsoft TechNet. Retrieved 1 December 2016.

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